When the studies that reported the effects of vitamin C supplements were evaluated, use was associated with a 19% lower risk of total mortality and a 15% lower risk of dying from breast cancer in comparison with women who didn’t take Vitamin C supplements. Analysis of vitamin C from food resulted in a 20% lower risk of dying and a 23% reduction in the risk of breast cancer mortality among women whose intake was categorized as high versus those with a lower intake.

Adjusted analysis disclosed a 36% lower risk of dying from any cause and a 46% lower risk of dying from cancer among those whose vitamin K1 intake was among the top 25% of participants in comparison with the lowest 25%. For those who actually increased their intake of vitamin K1, the risk of death was 43% lower and for vitamin K2, the risk was 45% lower than for subjects whose intake remained the same or was reduced. Improvement of vitamin K1 intake was also associated with a 36% lower risk of dying from cancer and improvement in K2 intake led to a 59% lower risk of dying from cancer during the follow-up period.

The rare genetic variant indicates a higher vitamin E status. “Genetic variants in genes involved in vitamin E transport or metabolism may be important determinants of potential beneficial effects of vitamin E supplementation on prostate cancer risk,” Jacqueline M. Major and her associates at the National Cancer Institute note in their introduction to the report.

Researchers at the Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine at Queen Mary University in London performed a systematic review of existing research and selected six randomized plsacebo controlled clinical trials for their analysis of vitamin D and it’s effects or lack of in body strength.