Researchers from the Karolinska Institute in Sweden, the University of Alabama, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical center in Boston examined any potential benefit for the heart and circulatory system from using a Multiple Vitamin over a 10-year period in 33,933 women aged from 49 to 83 of which 2262 had a history of heart disease.      In the heart disease free women using a mundane multiple vitamin decreased the risk of a heart attack by 27%. In the women with cardiovascular disease using a Multiple-Vitamin even for just 5 years decreased the risk of a heart attack by 41%.

Researchers from the University of Toronto performed a 2-year long randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, extended for earlier participants for up to an additional 2 years because of interest in long-term safety and fractures. A total of 440 postmenopausal women with osteopenia were randomized to take either 5 mg of vitamin K1 or placebo daily.      Over 2 years bone mineral density decreased by −1.28% and −1.22% at the lumbar spine and −0.69% and −0.88% at the total hip in the vitamin K and placebo groups, respectively.

The human immune system's assassin is a protein called perforin. Perforin punches holes in rogue cells. Recently a joint team from the UK and Australia viewed perforin in action through a powerful microscope for the first time.

There are several hormones and neurotransmitters that have noteworthy effects on appetite and eating behavior, and as a result are of much interest with respect to weight gain (or loss) and obesity. The hormone adiponectin is produced exclusively in adipose tissue, i.e. fat, and hence the name.

     Sciatica is a very painful condition of a major nerve that travels down the leg that is usually caused by a herniated disc in the lumbar or sacral spine. Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR) is a naturally occurring substance that promotes peripheral nerve regeneration and has been shown to have analgesic effects in patients with peripheral neuropathies of diabetic, HIV-related or chemotherapeutic origin. Alpha-Lipoic-Acid (ALA) is a key antioxidant in the body that may help the recovery of nerve functionality and decrease neuropathic pain.