Investigators from the Universities of Newcastle and Manchester gave 20 individuals 55 grams (five tablespoons) of tomato paste with 10 g of olive oil daily, or the olive oil alone which served as the placebo, both for 12 weeks. They exposed the skin of all subjects to ultraviolet light at the start and end of the trial. Those on the tomato paste had 33 % more protection from the damaging radiation than those on placebo alone.